Many dogs suffer from multiple allergies
Dr. Jeanne Haggerty-Arcay
Dr. Jeanne Haggerty-Arcay
The itchy dog is one of the most common appointments we see. Clients typically come in very frustrated, sleep-deprived and feeling like they have already tried all the logical “fixes” without success. However, home remedies are typically based on their experience with human allergies, which may not translate to dogs.
Dog allergies are divided into three main categories: flea allergy, food allergy, and atopy (environmental allergies). Many dogs will suffer from multiple allergy types that compound the allergic response. Determining the specific allergy is a process of elimination.
Fleas: Although nobody wants to admit their dog has fleas, they often play some role and are the easiest to take out of the equation. The number of fleas you see may not represent what is actually there. Some experts say you see less than 1 percent of the fleas actually present. All allergy dogs should remain on diligent, consistent flea control. There are many products available; ask your veterinarian which is best for your dog. A single bite on an already hyper-responsive dog can cause a massive reaction.
Did you know? Despite popular belief, our climate is mild enough to have flea exposure year round.
Food allergy: True food allergies are actually uncommon. They can only be diagnosed by a food trial, which entails placing the dog on a novel protein diet consisting of protein sources that the dog has never eaten (such as rabbit, kangaroo, etc.) or hydrolized proteins (which are broken up into pieces too small for the immune system to recognize). Over-the-counter foods have far too many extra ingredients and are not suitable for food trials. The diet needs to be a prescription diet (novel protein or hydrolized) or home cooked (formulated by a veterinarian to be nutritionally balanced). A strict six to eight week trial is standard. During this period the dog receives no other food, treats or flavored medication. It requires dedication from all family members as a single treat nullifies the trial.
Did you know? Many dogs are allergic to the meat rather than the grain protein. Although there may be intolerances to certain grains, grain-wheat-gluten free diets have been produced to parallel human nutritional trends, not in response to veterinary data on true allergies.
Atopy: Environmental allergies are often the main culprit. Although dogs may develop sneezing, watery eyes and congestion, itching is by far the most common symptom. Most dogs also have to be maintained with combination therapy, which may include antihistamines, steroids, immune-modulators, dietary supplements, shampoos and sprays. Allergy testing can be performed to pinpoint the allergens and formulate hyposensitization injections (allergy shots).
Did you know? Most clients are able to give their dogs allergy injections at home. Despite initial intimidation, they are generally very well tolerated (at least by the dogs!).
Identifying the cause of an itchy dog can be a frustrating and involved process. It requires compliance, patience, open communication and frequent recheck exams. With a good client-veterinarian relationship and a dedicated client, most dogs will find relief.
Dr. Jeanne Haggerty-Arcay received her undergraduate degrees in biology, biochemistry and Spanish from the College of Notre Dame, Belmont. She graduated from U.C. Davis School of Veterinary Medicine. Outside of work, she enjoys spending time with her husband and three young children, running, cycling and plans to return to her equestrian pastime in the near future.
